{"id":6156,"date":"2020-08-03T12:17:10","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T10:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/neu.ski-consult.de\/?page_id=6156"},"modified":"2023-11-16T15:29:14","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T14:29:14","slug":"schweissverbindungen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/en\/taetigkeitsbreiche\/strukturanalysen\/verbindungstechnik\/schweissverbindungen\/","title":{"rendered":"welded connections"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"6156\" class=\"elementor elementor-6156\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e1297a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e1297a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a9008f\" data-id=\"6a9008f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cbe442 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2cbe442\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Services in the field of welding technology\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-128ebad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"128ebad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a025485\" data-id=\"a025485\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-428d72e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"428d72e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"bodytext\">The SKI engineering company has welding engineers with national and international test certificate. In this case, the following services can be offered in the field of welding technology in the world:<\/p><ul><li><h6>Structural analyzes for welds<\/h6><\/li><li><h6>Assessment of the fatigue strength and residual life<\/h6><\/li><li><h6>Individual stages of crack growth in a butt weld<\/h6><\/li><li><h6>Welding simulations<\/h6><\/li><li><h6>Weld after treatments<\/h6><\/li><li><h6>Oscilation tests with a test frequency up to 400Hz<\/h6><\/li><li><h6>External welding supervision and appraisals<\/h6><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa43c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa43c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">External Welding Supervision\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3c080 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c3c080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c261\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic csc-textpic-intext-right\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<p class=\"bodytext\">The welding engineers of SKI are at your disposal as consultants for your company. <br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-479d8b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"479d8b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Evaluations\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b625f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b625f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"main-content\">\n<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c881\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"main-content\">\n<div class=\"content\">\n<div class=\"subcontent-unit-border\">Expertises for welded constructions can be worked on under consideration of various questions. Please&nbsp;<a class=\"internal-link\" title=\"damage accumulation hypothesis\" href=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/en\/kontakt\/\">contact us<\/a>&nbsp;in any particular case. <br><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"main-subcontent\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c4ac75\" data-id=\"1c4ac75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65046ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"65046ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"415\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_diploma_IWE_a5a7218b68.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6217\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_diploma_IWE_a5a7218b68.jpg 415w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_diploma_IWE_a5a7218b68-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Certificate: International Welding Engineer\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c028a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c028a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e15fe7\" data-id=\"4e15fe7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f13917c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f13917c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Structural analyzes for welds\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13e7bdb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13e7bdb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0462f9f\" data-id=\"0462f9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-683e299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"683e299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"main-content\">\n<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c881\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<p class=\"bodytext\">The evaluation of welded constructions can be done with analytical as well as numerical methods. For standard welding details, which are listed in notch case catalogs, the&nbsp;<a class=\"internal-link\" title=\"damage accumulation hypothesis\" href=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/en\/taetigkeitsbreiche\/strukturanalysen\/ermuedung\/\">Nominal stress concept<\/a>&nbsp;is used often. However, if non-linear stress waveforms are to be assessed in complex welding details, then get&nbsp;<a class=\"internal-link\" title=\"damage accumulation hypothesis\" href=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/en\/taetigkeitsbreiche\/strukturanalysen\/ermuedung\/\">local concepts<\/a>&nbsp;used, e.g. to determine the stress concentration at the weld toe and the weld root. The following figure shows a finite element mesh for both sides welded butt weld to assess the notch stresses at the seam transitions. <br><\/p><\/div><div class=\"csc-textpic-imagewrap\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-center-outer\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-186e12a\" data-id=\"186e12a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1664834 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1664834\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"609\" height=\"170\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stumpfnaht-FE-Netz.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6164\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stumpfnaht-FE-Netz.jpeg 609w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stumpfnaht-FE-Netz-300x84.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">FE mesh of a butt weld\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e2117e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e2117e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7140ac\" data-id=\"f7140ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b2518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53b2518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Weld after treatments\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f69b628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f69b628\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c257\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic csc-textpic-intext-right\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"bodytext\">There are numerous post-treatment processes for welding seams with which different effects can be achieved. In principle, the following effects are possible with the respective processes. <br><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"content\">\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d54a87a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d54a87a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa972f3\" data-id=\"fa972f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e2b72b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9e2b72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"760\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Schliffprobe_mit_Netz-1024x760.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6158\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Schliffprobe_mit_Netz-1024x760.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Schliffprobe_mit_Netz-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Schliffprobe_mit_Netz-768x570.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Schliffprobe_mit_Netz.jpg 1042w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ground joint test and FE model of a butt weld\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e181bf5\" data-id=\"e181bf5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2824b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2824b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"331\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Nachtnachbehandlung.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6196\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Nachtnachbehandlung.jpg 564w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Nachtnachbehandlung-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Aftertreatment with a high frequency peening methods\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f962c10 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f962c10\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8b2289f\" data-id=\"8b2289f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c95aef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c95aef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Method<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Reduce the notch effect<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Introducing compressive stresses<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Solidification of the outermost layer<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Grinding out<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">TIG melting<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Plasma melting<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Autofrettage<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Laserpeening<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Shot peening<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Needles, hammers<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">High frequency hammers<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">yes<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache -->\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-89de348 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"89de348\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8aaf868\" data-id=\"8aaf868\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbaf49e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cbaf49e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Welding simulations\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f06da55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f06da55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-662c7ac\" data-id=\"662c7ac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8614393 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8614393\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"main-content\">\n<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c881\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<p class=\"bodytext\">As part of the PhD thesis of Dipl.-Ing. C. Keindorf was developed, the calculation tool HANWELD on the basis of ANSYS \u00ae<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>&nbsp;simulation package. It includes both the thermal and structural mechanics simulation of a welding process that are additionally coupled kinetics with a module for the structure. The verification of HANWELD was based on welding tests and the welding simulation tool ANSYS. As an example of the multi-level verification, the comparison of temperature cycles is shown in the following&nbsp;<a class=\"internal-link\" title=\"damage accumulation hypothesis\" href=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/en\/schweissverbindungen\/\">figure<\/a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"bodytext\">Following the welding simulation, a hammering process can be carried out as a post weld treatment, which significantly influences the transient residual stress field of the weld seam.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"bodytext\">Furthermore, a fatigue module has been integrated into HANWELD, which allows local fatigue calculations to be performed for the welding detail. The respective residual stress conditions of the untreated as well as the post-treated weld seam are taken into account.<br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7b87b6\" data-id=\"e7b87b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a605497 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a605497\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"647\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Hanweld_04_43539d39d0.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6188\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Hanweld_04_43539d39d0.jpg 647w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Hanweld_04_43539d39d0-300x278.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Calculation tool HANWELD for welding simulations with integrated fatigue calculations\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b7939b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b7939b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c782bac\" data-id=\"c782bac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ce8436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thermal analysis of a MAG welding process\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01a19ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01a19ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3885978\" data-id=\"3885978\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6a3aec elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"f6a3aec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/schweissen_tempverlauf_011_05.mp4\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" controlslist=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-931bcf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"931bcf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thermal weld seam emulation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54d1978\" data-id=\"54d1978\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b4b0b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0b4b0b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Vergleich_Temperaturzyklen_04_b423759053.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6189\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Vergleich_Temperaturzyklen_04_b423759053.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Vergleich_Temperaturzyklen_04_b423759053-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Vergleich_Temperaturzyklen_04_b423759053-768x476.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c34dcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c34dcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Comparison of the temperature cycles between HANWELD \/ SST \/ EXPERIMENT<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-729e5ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"729e5ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08e8d00\" data-id=\"08e8d00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ab0d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c3ab0d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Individual stages of crack growth in a butt weld\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbec251 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbec251\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"main-content\">\n<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c881\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<p class=\"bodytext\">Welding details with cracks can be assessed using fracture mechanics methods. Using the example of the butt weld welded on both sides, it is shown how a technical crack progresses at the fatigue-critical seam transition until a residual fracture occurs. The total service life is ultimately determined by the number of cycles of incipient fatigue failure (determined with the notch strain concept KDK) and the number of cycles of failure load (determined with the crack propagation concept RFK). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-imagewrap\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-center-outer\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-center-inner\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-imagerow csc-textpic-imagerow-none\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3399c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3399c9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-117918f\" data-id=\"117918f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1da3926 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1da3926\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"main-content\"><div class=\"content\"><div id=\"c881\" class=\"csc-default\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><p class=\"bodytext\">The following figures show single Crack stages of 1 mm to 10 mm are shown. In the diagram, the stress intensity factor (SIF) KI<sub>I<\/sub>\u00a0on the number of cycles N is evaluated. This means that statements about the remaining service life for steel structures (in this case welding detail) possible. Such inspections can be determined using the crack propagation concept.\u00a0 <\/p><\/div><div class=\"csc-textpic-imagewrap\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-center-outer\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-center-inner\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5567ab9\" data-id=\"5567ab9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7ecae elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb7ecae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"595\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6176\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c.jpg 595w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Bruchlastspielzahl-a10mm_04_91d431721c-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fatigue life as a function of crack propagation\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-333ec94\" data-id=\"333ec94\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-179879a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"179879a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6177\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d.jpg 597w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_SIF-a10mm_04_333a4d443d-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Stress intensity factor as a function of crack propagation\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-254eedb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"254eedb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f37d23c\" data-id=\"f37d23c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e85f6cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e85f6cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6179\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a1mm_04_a6f8405c99-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Initial crack a = 1mm\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6861a8\" data-id=\"f6861a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeaa3ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eeaa3ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6180\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a3mm_04_b42eae44c8-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Initial crack a = 3mm\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-949500d\" data-id=\"949500d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6a1f3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d6a1f3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6181\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a7mm_04_d544cbc9d2-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Initial crack a = 7mm\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee7011c\" data-id=\"ee7011c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c9fbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"02c9fbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6182\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Rissbild-a10mm_04_733d65bb4d-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Initial crack a = 10mm\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a868a95 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a868a95\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-febe5d0\" data-id=\"febe5d0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3ecbf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3ecbf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oscilation tests with a test frequency up to 400Hz\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a67bf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a67bf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"c881\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>A newly developed magnetic resonance test frame is available for vibration tests on welded joints. This test device uses the first natural oscillation of the arrangement of resonance test frame (RPR) and sample to dynamically load the sample.<\/p>\n<p>The test specimen is preloaded between the opposite sides of a closed frame. A bending natural oscillation of the frame loads the specimen with a harmonic oscillation. The clamping of the specimen in each case in the vibration bulge of the two frame sides results in a pure load in the longitudinal direction of the specimen, i.e. depending on the amount of the preload, an alternating tensile\/compressive or pulsating tensile load. The excitation in the form of natural oscillation is carried out electromagnetically by feedback of a strain gauge signal (strain gauge) of the natural oscillation.<\/p>\n<p>The structure is reminiscent of two beams that are elastically connected to each other at two points in such a way that they oscillate in opposite directions in their eigenmodes. From the beam eigenmode of vibration it can be seen that the welded flat tensile specimen is also subject to an oscillation amplitude in the middle. The figure on the right shows the mechanical implementation of the test fixture in the 3D model. It consists of a base plate on which four alternating current magnets and the monolithic RPR are mounted. The electromagnetic vibration excitation is contact-free via the lever arms. The side lengths and cross-sections of the frame were dimensioned in such a way that the RPR can withstand pretensioning forces of 60 KN and test force amplitudes of 50 kN at the same time. The length of the lever arms was determined so that the natural frequency is 400 Hz.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Further details on the resonance test frame are described below or can be found in a 2008 publication for the Great Welding Conference in Dresden (GST 2008). <br><\/p><\/div><div><div><div><div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cedde6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cedde6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d0df667\" data-id=\"d0df667\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-851b6b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"851b6b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Prinzip_Magnetresonanzrahmen_a6d02a34f2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6202\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Prinzip_Magnetresonanzrahmen_a6d02a34f2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Prinzip_Magnetresonanzrahmen_a6d02a34f2-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Prinzip_Magnetresonanzrahmen_a6d02a34f2-768x472.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Principle of a magnetic resonance test frame\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-722ce75\" data-id=\"722ce75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d0c793 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d0c793\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_RPR_Stumpfnaht_3D-Modell_610b9867a4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6206\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_RPR_Stumpfnaht_3D-Modell_610b9867a4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_RPR_Stumpfnaht_3D-Modell_610b9867a4-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_RPR_Stumpfnaht_3D-Modell_610b9867a4-768x527.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Resonance test frame for welds (Copyright FRAMEWORK)\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-696890c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"696890c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75e8c2c\" data-id=\"75e8c2c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971f6f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"971f6f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Test frame details from the magnetic\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56aa42f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56aa42f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6922a49\" data-id=\"6922a49\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-780e44d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"780e44d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n<div id=\"c319\" class=\"csc-default\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic csc-textpic-intext-right\">\n<div class=\"csc-textpic-text\">\n<p class=\"bodytext\">All necessary components of the test fixture including the control and measurement technology are shown in the figure on the right. A notebook with LabView and measurement card records the measurement data such as preload force, force amplitude, frequency, phase and amplitude of the current at the output of the power amplifier and initiates the abortion of the test as soon as a termination criterion is met. The abort criteria are a manual emergency stop via the keyboard, reaching the number of test load cycles, dropping to a certain preload force and exceeding a tolerance for the actual vaalue of the force amplitude. If one of these criteria is met, the notebook occupies an input of the microcontroller via an output of the measuring card, which then transmits a stop signal to the power amplifier. <br><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"content\">\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39a2927\" data-id=\"39a2927\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df3e49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5df3e49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Foto-RPR-Schweissnaht_225a897a65.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6205\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Foto-RPR-Schweissnaht_225a897a65.jpg 780w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Foto-RPR-Schweissnaht_225a897a65-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Foto-RPR-Schweissnaht_225a897a65-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Components of the magnetic load frame\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7763795 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7763795\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82e4648\" data-id=\"82e4648\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-905fa56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"905fa56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Result of Oscillation Test with constant amplitude\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb93991 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb93991\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da3ea5e\" data-id=\"da3ea5e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a60a179 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a60a179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><div id=\"c319\"><div><div><p>In the right figure, the test frequency as a function of the number of cycles is shown on the left ordinate (y-axis). During the transient process this frequency is 388.2 Hz. The right ordinate shows the preload force and the tensile force amplitude as a function of the number of cycles (logarithmic scale). During the transient process the preload force remains constant at 8.6 kN. However, already during the control of the tensile force amplitude, the preload force drops, which indicates a loss of stiffness (crack formation), which continues continuously during the test.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a0c02a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a0c02a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30b864f\" data-id=\"30b864f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-110a162 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"110a162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Result of Oscillation Test with variable amplitude\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f0a668 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f0a668\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd83fac\" data-id=\"dd83fac\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad71aaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad71aaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\"><div id=\"c319\" class=\"csc-default\"><div class=\"csc-textpic csc-textpic-intext-right\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><p class=\"bodytext\">The right figure shows the result of a Oscillation Test is shown with variable amplitude curve. Depending on the number of cycles, the curves for the biasing force, the tensile force and amplitude test frequency are evaluated.<br \/>The preload force was adjusted to 8.0 kN before the test. During the subsequent settling of the test frequency initially stood at 386.0 Hz and then fell upon reaching the traction amplitude slightly to 385.8 Hz. As a 100% value for the tensile force amplitude 7.0 kN was chosen, which was maintained for the first 200,000 EV.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60a7783 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60a7783\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0784879\" data-id=\"0784879\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6d69db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c6d69db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_konstante_Amplitude_0918b264de.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6204\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_konstante_Amplitude_0918b264de.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_konstante_Amplitude_0918b264de-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_konstante_Amplitude_0918b264de-768x492.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Oscillation test with constant amplitude\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb248d4\" data-id=\"cb248d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39aeaa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"39aeaa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_variable_Amplitude_2b8d158e34.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6203\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_variable_Amplitude_2b8d158e34.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_variable_Amplitude_2b8d158e34-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/csm_Schwingversuch_variable_Amplitude_2b8d158e34-768x492.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Oscillation test with variable amplitude\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-111ff3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"111ff3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9608add\" data-id=\"9608add\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9c799a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9c799a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"c881\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"c320\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"c321\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Then the block load simulation was carried out to determine the operational stability, whereby a reduction to 75% and 50% was made for each of the next 200,000 LW. Afterwards the 100% value of the tractive force amplitude was controlled again. Both the test frequency and the preload force remained approximately constant. Finally, an overload was simulated, in which the tensile force amplitude was increased to 125% (8.75 kN). Already when driving this higher amplitude, the preload force dropped continuously, which indicated a progressive loss of stiffness. There was also a slight drop in the test frequency, but this is less suitable as an indicator of the loss of stiffness. The vibration test stopped automatically when the abort criterion for the preload force of 7.5 kN at 1,136,000 LW was reached (total test time only 50 min). At this point in time, the preload force was already well below the tensile force amplitude, resulting in a negative stress ratio of R = -0.08 at the end of the test. Thus, as a further result of the simulation of an overload, it could be shown that this novel resonance test device is also suitable for vibration tests with alternating loads. <br><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a688e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a688e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f844b5\" data-id=\"1f844b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd0616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fdd0616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Assessment of the fatigue strength and residual life\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3c7b2ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3c7b2ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bdd0cd0\" data-id=\"bdd0cd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8980e21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8980e21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"main-content\"><div class=\"content\"><div id=\"c881\" class=\"csc-default\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><div class=\"csc-textpic-text\"><p class=\"bodytext\">For dynamically loaded welded structures, a fatigue or durability detection is often required. Basically a sufficient fatigue strength for the respective notch detail against the vibration load has to be detected over the entire lifetime. When SKI engineering company for coming local fatigue concepts apply beyond their performance on the (global) nominal stress concept.<\/p><p class=\"bodytext\">The following is the butt weld shown above on the example, can be done as a fatigue evaluation based on the notch strain concept. In the following figures can be seen as the notch stresses and tolerable numbers of cycles are influenced by a unscheduled offset. In the present case, the lower weld toe is left decisive for the entire fatigue strength of the butt weld.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04a0e9f\" data-id=\"04a0e9f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60135a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"60135a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"668\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stumpfnaht-12-12-1.2-sa150-sm100.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6170\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stumpfnaht-12-12-1.2-sa150-sm100.jpg 668w, https:\/\/ski-consult.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Stumpfnaht-12-12-1.2-sa150-sm100-300x230.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Local assessment of the numbers of cycles (fatigue plot)\n<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Schwei\u00dftechnik Die SKI Ingenieurgesellschaft verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber Schwei\u00dffachingenieure mit nationalem und internationalem Pr\u00fcfzeugnis. Insofern k\u00f6nnen auf dem Gebiet der Schwei\u00dftechnik weltweit folgende Leistungen angeboten werden: Strukturanalysen f\u00fcr Schwei\u00dfn\u00e4hte Beurteilung der Erm\u00fcdungsfestigkeit und Restlebensdauer Rissbewertung mit bruchmechanischen Methoden Schwei\u00dfsimulationen Schwei\u00dfnahtnachbehandlungen Schwingversuche mit einer Pr\u00fcffrequenz bis zu 400Hz Externe Schwei\u00dfaufsicht\u00a0und\u00a0Gutachten Externe Schwei\u00dfaufsicht Die&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":6152,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","no-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Schwei\u00dfverbindungen &#8226; SKI Ingenieurges. mbH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Schwei\u00dfverbindungen &#8226; SKI kann Berechnungen inkl. 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